Una gran parte del humor lingüístico y del juego de palabras se basa en las siguientes categorías de nombres y -ónimos.
ACRÓNIMOS (las letras representan otras palabras): radar, UNESCO
ANTÓNIMOS (“opuestos”): niño–niña, negro–blanco
APTONIMOS (“apropiados”): Hunt y Chase (cazadores), Payne (dentista)
CACÓNIMOS (de sonido desagradable): Englebert Humperdink, Hubert Humphrey
CRIPTÓNIMOS (agentes secretos): 007, 99
EPÓNIMOS (nombrados a partir de un inventor): noria (ferris wheel), vacuna Salk
EUFÓNIMOS (suenan muy bien): Edna St. Vincent Millay
EXÓNIMOS (nombres dados por extranjeros): Chinese Checkers, Gypsies, Mormons, Navajos, Papago, Quakers, Wales
EPÓNIMOS GENÉRICOS (el nombre representa a un grupo): Bud, Guy, Jack (la jacquerie), Jane, John
HETERÓNIMOS (tienen dos pronunciaciones diferentes):
bass, bow, close, dove, house, lead, read, row, sow, tear, wind, wound
HOMÓGRAFOS (se escriben igual): bank, bank
HOMÓFONOS (suenan igual): to–too–two, bank–bank
ETIQUETAS DE POTENCIA PRIMARIA (cargadas emocionalmente): abortion, honkey, red neck
APODOS (nombres propios abreviados): Bob, Dick, Tom
ORÓNIMOS (una frase tiene más de un significado):
the stuffy nose vs. the stuff he knows
the Pulitzer prize vs. the pullet surprise
iced ink vs. I stink
NOMBRE DE GUERRA (Nom de guerre): Geronimo
PATRÓNIMOS (el sufijo o prefijo indica filiación familiar):
Nilsen, MacDonald, Fitzpatrick, Colovitch, Gutiérrez, Bin Laden, Ebnascena
PSEUDÓNIMOS (nombre literario): Mark Twain, Lewis Carroll
ACENTÓNIMOS (stressonyms: el lugar del acento cambia el significado):
convert, desert, intimate, invalid, minute, object, Polish, present, produce, record, refuse, sewer, subject
SINÓNIMOS (significan lo mismo): big, large
Libros de Lemony Snicket en 120 segundos:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ej3hAZ1Qnq
Nilsen, Alleen y Don. The Language of Humor: An Introduction.
Cambridge, Inglaterra: Cambridge University Press, 2019.
www.cambridge.org/core/books/language-of-humor/B37E80D6A21DB3A2E344A4061D996D9C
(This text has been translated into Spanish by Chat GPT)
Humor in Names and Naming
By Nilsen, Alleen and Don.
A great deal of linguistic humor and word play is based on the following categories of Names and -nyms.
ACRONYMS (Letters represent other words): radar, unesco
ANTONYMS (“Opposites”): boy-girl, black-white
APTONYMS (“Appropriate”): Hunt and Chase (hunters), Payne (dentist)
CACONYMS (Bad Sounding): Englebert Humperdink, Hubert Humphrey
CRYPTONYMS (Secret Agents): 007, 99
EPONYMS (Named after inventer): ferris wheel, salk vaccine
EUPHONYMS (Sound great): Edna St. Vincent Millay
EXONYMS (Names given by foreigners): Chinese Checkers, Gypsies, Mormons, Navajos, Papago, Quakers, Wales
GENERIC EPONYMS (Name represents a group): Bud, Guy, Jack (le jacquerie), Jane, John
HETERONYMS (Has two different pronunciations: bass, bow, close, dove, house, lead, read, row, sow, tear, wind, wound
HOMOGRAPHS (Spelled the same): bank, bank
HOMOPHONES (Sound the same): to-too-two, bank-bank
LABELS OF PRIMARY POTENCY (Carry an emotional charge): abortion, honkey, red neck
NICKNAMES (Shortened first names): Bob, Dick, Tom
ORONYMS (Phrase has more than one meaning): the stuffy nose vs. the stuff he knows, the Pulitzer prize vs. the pullet surprise, iced ink vs. I stink
NOM DE GUERRE (War name): Geronimo
PATRONYMS (Suffix or prefix shows family afiliation: Nilsen, MacDonald, Fitzpatrick, Colovitch, Gutierrez, Bin Laden, Ebnascena
PSEUDONYMS: (PEN NAME) : Mark Twain, Lewis Carroll
STRESSONYMS (Stress placement changes meaning): convert, desert, intimate, invalid, minute, object, Polish, present, produce, record, refuse, sewer, subject
SYNONYMS (Mean the same thing): big, large
Lemony Snicket Books in 120 Seconds:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ej3hAZ1QnqA
International Society for Humor Studies: http://www.humorstudies.org/
Nilsen, Alleen and Don. The Language of Humor: An Introduction.
Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2019.
www.cambridge.org/core/books/language-of-humor/B37E80D6A21DB3A2E344A4061D996D9C